This article attempts to study the idea of Turkish socialism based on the work of the Turkish left-wing writer Kemal Tahir. The concept of Turkish socialism was based on the works of K. Marx on socio-economic formations. Based on these works, Kemal Tahir argued that Turkey should have its own special way of building a socialist society. K. Marx, in his "A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy" included in the scheme of historical development another formation, which he called the "Asiatic mode of production". In his writings, Kemal Tahir notes that the state system of the Ottoman Empire was not included in any of the five stages of historical development. He calls the Ottoman Empire a state with an Asiatic mode of production. The novel "Devlet Ana" ("Motherland") by Kemal Tahir is a vivid illustration of the Asiatic mode of production. According to Kemal Tahir, Turkish socialism was to be formed based on this mode.