This article provides a systematic analysis of the scientific-pedagogical and social significance of the 'Mekteb' journal, which occupied  a prominent  place in the history of Azerbaijani press at the beginning of the 20th century. The journal published between 1911 and 1920, played an invaluable role in advancing national enlightenment ideas and in the education of children. Its main purpose was not only to educate young readers but also to raise awareness among teachers and parents. The article thoroughly examines the journal’s structure, its thematic orientation, and editorial board.

The majority of the articles and stories published in the journal emphasize the importance of science and education, advocating the idea that the establishment of new-method schools had a significant impact on the moral and intellectual formation of the younger generation.

The journal contained a wide range of poetic and prose works, moral teachings, proverbs, sayings, anecdotes, riddles, and writing lessons. It also published the works of eminent enlightenment figures of the time such as Mirza Alakbar Sabir, Nariman Narimanov, Mirza Fatali Akhundov, Abdulla Shaig, Husein Javid, Abdulla Sur, and Suleyman Sani Akhundov, thereby serving the cause of national self-awareness and cultural revival.

The journal also devoted considerable attention to translated literature.

The political and economic hardships of the time, the fall of the Republic, and the establishment of Soviet power eventually led to the suspension of its publication.

However, despite the passage of years, selected articles from the journal have been transliterated and republished, preserving its relevance.

As one of the longest-running periodicals in the history of Azerbaijani children's press, the journal served as a model and guiding framework for subsequent publications.