The article is about musical history of medieval Muslim culture, about famous scientists of that period and works written in this sphere. In this period Eastern musical culture is compared with Western music. The main object of research is the history of work and aspect of creation, and also are researched reasons of writing and direction in the work “Kitab al-musiga al-kabir” of Abu Nasr Mohammad al-Farabi. In the work are mentioned new and ideas of the theory of music of the Islamic East. There are investigated research works of different scientists and researchers in this sphere.